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ISLAMIC UNITY in THE LIGHT of THE DAMASCUS SERMON

Abd al-Wadud Shalabi

The main points this paper comprises

1. An historical approach to the obstacles before Islamic unity (al-vahdat al-Islamiyya) as put forward in the ideas of the great scholars Ibn Hazm al-Andalusi and Jamal al-Din al-Afghani.

2. How, according to the British records and the book Hadir al-‘Alam al-Islami, the planned measures against the Islamic Caliphate in the last century were first put into practice.

3. The breaking up of the Caliphate State and the Arab world after the First World War.

4. The Indian Muslims, who rebelled against imperialism and defended the Caliphate State. A look at Mawlana Muhammad ‘Ali Karachi’s trial.

5. Bediuzzaman’s views on nationalistic conflict in the light of a conversation with Hüseyin Pasha.

6. A view of Algeria on its independence.

7. The Islamic unity portrayed by the Qur’an.

8. A conversation between Bediuzzaman and a group of nationalists.

9. Jamal al-Din al-Afghani’s views on how Islamic unity could be achieved.

10. The new plans to gain domination of the Islamic world and Islamic unity as a necessary means of foiling those plans.

“The point of unity of this union (ittihad) and what binds it is Divine Unity. Its oath and its promise are belief in God. Its members are all believers, belonging from the time of God’s covenant with man. Its register is the Preserved Tablet. Its means of communication are all Islamic books. Its daily newspapers, all religious newspapers whose aim is ‘upholding the Word of God.’ Its clubs and councils are the mosques, religious schools, and sufi meeting-places. Its centre are the two sacred cities [Mecca and Medina]. Its head, the Glory of the World [the Prophet Muhammad].”

 

 

 

 

Bediuzzaman Said Nursi

Tarihçe-i Hayat, page 62

An historical approach

In truth, I am a lover of history! I believe that for those who want to learn something, history is a ‘teacher.’ As Ibn Khaldun said, it is “the master of the life of this world.”

I have always had the overpowering desire to read things about history. I have tried to read almost every book that has appeared on the subject. Before writing this paper, I was studying some historical material in connection with other research, in a way that could not be attributed to chance. A part of this was an article in the journal ‘Urwat al-Wuthqa. 1 In it Jamal al-Din al-Afghani was saying:

The province of Islam extended from the furthest point in the West to Tokani on the borders of China. They were lands and regions bordering on each other. They had rulers who had never seen defeat. All the kings received the rod of rule from the supreme king and governed the whole globe in glory. Their armies were never routed, their sciences were never backward, their word was never gainsaid... The great philosophers Ibn Sina, Farabi, and Razi held the eastern wing, and Ibn Rushd and Ibn Tufayl held the west, and before them were natural philosophy, medicine, astronomy, and geometry, as well as the foremost of the Shari‘a sciences which were widespread among the Umma and accepted by them.

The ‘Faghfur’ of China 2 bowed in submission when the ‘Abbasid Caliph sent his decree. The most powerful of the European kings complied with his command. Muslim ships had undisputed supremacy in the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, and the Indian Ocean. Their successors perpetuated their dominion over the seas even until yesterday, bringing with them their lofty decree, and defeating and casting down their enemies.

So what has happened to them today that they are all split up, that they have fallen into dispute and discord, and lagged behind the peoples they once outflanked? Their rulers also fell one by one. The Words they uttered changed. Instead of supporting each other in the face of the enemy, they thought only of themselves.

In the course of time, the seeds of corruption sprouted among these rulers. They were seized by a false greed and ambition. They revolted out of their empty whims. They were deceived by principalities, titles of rulership, affluent living. They set up foreigners in positions of authority, who were opposed to their religion and nationhood. They expected help from them to win victories. They considered the good of the sons of their own lands to lie in their support.

It was this that destroyed the Muslims of Andalusia, razed the foundations of Timurid rule in India, wiping out all traces of it. It was this that reduced the Islamic lands to being playthings in the hands of a few dissipated individuals, making them mere dupes for their deceits.

See those who declare war on God (God forbid!) through perilous worldly greed and ambition!

“Is this the glory of the truth, the true meaning of justice? If only the Muslims had followed those scholars who act in accordance with their knowledge, had once again become acquainted with their own spirits, and nurtured the familiarity between them. But alas! Alas for the corrupters bearing the titles of ‘Amir’ and ‘King,’ who were to be given all the happiness of this world, and who neither commanded what is right nor restrained from what is forbidden, even in a tiny village.” 3

* * *

What Jamal al-Din wrote about the kings of the different peoples (tsawa\&if) in the present age, Ibn Hazm said exactly the same about the kings who ruled the peoples of yesterday. The Muslims of Andalusia were killed for the same reasons. The reasons the Umma’s heart was wounded in a way that today is still unhealed are the same. Ibn Hazm said:

If you ask about this dissension and people getting mixed up in it and their expected evil from each other, this is a test for us. We ask deliverance only from God, for it is a great dissension that will wipe away all religions, unless it be for His many-sided preservation.

“For this reason, the leaders of all the towns, 4 or the guards of Andalusia at this time, must fight for God and His Messenger; they must strive against corruption on the face of the earth, and against those who openly deceive the Muslims under the pretence of supervising their property; and for the purpose of crushing them, consider it permissible for their soldiers to act as brigands. For they impose the head-tax and land-tax on the Muslims, causing them loss as well as inflicting the Jews on them. While putting the Muslims in the position dhimmis and a minority, they themselves speak like the infidels and idolators. If the wishes of the worldly are realized, they will take advantage of the weakness of your aspirations. For they will do whatever they can to annihilate the elevated truths of religion and extinguish the zeal of this noble people. Then they will fabricate a web of lies to cover up all the evils they have perpetrated through their corrupt politics and cheating rule and numerous other means. For there are many doors that open up onto calamity. And God knows best what is right.” 5

* * *

One’s heart chokes in horror on going into the details of the plans for the division and breaking up of the Islamic world and seeing the efforts to obliterate and destroy it. One time Shakib Arslan spoke to us of the hundred plans for the dismemberment of the Caliphate State. A conversation between the Russian Czar Nicholas and Sir Hamilton, known as the British Ambassador, show clearly the extent of these dangerous plans and the nature of their ideas and ambitions concerning the Islamic world. 6

On the dark night of the 9th January 1853 the Russian Czar Nicholas said to Sir Hamilton in his palace:

‘Think! We have before us a ‘sick man.’ He is truly sick. If we miss this opportunity, we shall have a lot to pay for.’

Sir Hamilton was invited a second time to meet the Czar, who again said to him:

‘You are not uninformed about Russia’s ambitions and aims since the time of Catherine the Great. As I said before, Turkey is a sick man. From our point of view, there is no harm in his dying. If he remains as he is, he will be a burden on us. If it is delayed, there is the possibility he will not die. Is it not better if we unite before a situation arises which will not profit us? I tell you openly. If we and Britain unite in this question, the others will not concern us. I tell you openly, we cannot put up with it, if Britain occupies Asitane. 7 I do not say you have such an intention. I say only that if you were to have, it would not be accceptable to us. For my part, I guarantee that I shall not occupy the city. However, this is only temporary, until we are presented with more attractive conditions. If you remain undecided on the issue for much longer, it will be permissible for us to occupy it at a single word.’

Sir Hamilton gave this reply:

‘Permit me to say a word, your majesty. I have not the slightest doubt that the sick man is on the point of death.’

The Czar replied very angrily:

‘If your government has any expectation that Turkey still has signs of life, know that it is misinformed! I state categorically that the sick man is in the throes of death. But we cannot permit him to die on his own while we sit around here waiting. On the contrary, we must come to an agreement. I cannot guarantee that we shall conclude a treaty. My only request of you is a general agreement.’

* * *

At no time in history, even in the most violent periods, has the head of one state laid plans against a neighbouring country in the way the Russian Czar laid against that state in order to destroy it. Moreover, even the darkest periods of history, when primitiveness and savagery held sway, did one country’s leader issue the death warrant for the leader of another country and set the time of his death. I truly believe such a thing never happened and that it never will. However, the roots of the trickery that planned this inhuman project and carried out this savage attack stretched back into the European mind and went deep into their unconscious and emotions. Thus, even before realizing their ambitions, they agreed about sharing the legacy.

The British Ambassador’s approach above demonstrates his government’s attitude. However much he approached the matter with a good intention, it is my belief that his true intention was for Britain not to have a rival when it came to dividing up the spoils.

Following the setting of these plans, the fleets and armies started their attacks on every side of the Islamic world. Britain wiped out the Islamic countries in the Indian subcontinent, and gained supremacy in the Gulf. It occupied Aden. It stationed its fleets in the area, which it had brought from east and west, to such an extent that not the tiniest island or coastal town remained unoccupied. After Britain, France went into action. It occupied Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. Italy went as far as Somalia and Eritrea. Holland gained complete control of the East Indies. In this way, the Islamic countries of East and West Africa were surrounded. Finally, Egypt and Sudan fell to Britain. In consequence, ‘Mijda\r’ fell, and the Islamic lands were trampled under the boots of the Europeans. As the Prophet (PBUH) had foretold fourteen centuries previously, the Muslims had brought down this situation on themselves. 8

* * *

Let us take one of the secret records recently published, in the name of the British Minister of the Colonies. Its date is 9/1/1938. This document says:

“This war has taught us that Islam is the greatest danger we have to combat and resist. Britain cannot tackle such a danger alone. France is in the same situation. A matter we should be pleased about is the disappearance of the Islamic Caliphate. My hope is that it will never return. Our policy aims to forever prevent the establishment of Islamic Unity and solidarity. This policy must be continued. The policy we followed in the First World War against the Arabs was not aimed at only wiping out the Caliphate forces; besides removing the Caliphate, it aimed at reviving cries of racialism and nationalism in Egypt, Turkey, and other Islamic countries.” 9

In line with the plans they had made, the Western powers divided up the Ottoman Empire into small pieces like a butcher slowly slaughtering and cutting up his victim. The Arabs took the lion’s share of this dismemberment in a special way whereby the first step was taken to break them off from Turkey. Iran was broken off in another way. Following this, Afghanistan was broken off, and it was followed by Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Azarbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakistan, and others. As said above, the Arab lands received the greatest share from this division. It was broken up into dozens of pieces and as though scattered in every direction. According to some people, the reason for its being divided up into particular portions was the rivalry between Britain and France. But if that had been the case, it would have meant that the Arab world would have been divided up into three or four large pieces. For most of their lands were under the rule of the same countries. For example, although Syria and Lebanon were under French occupation, they were split up. Jordan separated from Palestine. It was the same in the Gulf states, and Egypt and the Sudan. And these were British colonies. The region known as the Greater Arab Maghrib was entirely under French rule, yet it still was not saved from being split up.

It is strange, but in India, where there was a danger of the country breaking up, Britain followed a policy of maintaining unity. But its decision about the Arab lands, where there were efforts to secure unity, was that it should be broken up in the most evil way. Here lies the Islam factor, which the West tried to wipe out by every means. The chief of these was the breaking up of the Umma into dozens of tiny parts which were as far from each other and hostile to each other as was possible. The result to be most strongly expected from this were border disputes that would lead to endless quarrels. This point gives us a clue about the disputes between Lebanon and Syria, Jordan and Saudi Arabia, Morocco and Algeria, North and South Yemen, Iran and Iraq, Turkey and Syria, and so on. These countries’ wrangles about each other’s territory still continue. If we take a look at the map before us of this breaking up, we see dozens of Muslim countries. The Arab lands alone were split up into twenty-one or twenty-two states. But this policy was not limited to land; the colonial powers had many other plans they could not put into practice. To give some examples, France planned to break up Syria into three or four pieces. According to another plan, they wanted to break up the countries known today as the Maghrib, known at that time as the Far Maghrib, (Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia), into at least five different states. The same is true for the countries of the Arabian Peninsula. All these examples verify my ideas.

To break up; in the very worst way. To scatter; everywhere in utter confusion. To wrest away; but slowly. All these were the methods the savage West employed in all their ferocity, and continued to employ. I consider all of them to be planned revenge. Revenge for the severe defeats they suffered in the Crusades. It consists of drawing international boundaries between the parts of a single community and bringing about division by setting up miniature states. The codes of law given to each of the parts (states) were all different as though each state belonged to a different race. They tried to instill Western modes of living in each part so that the day would come when the structure of each would be foreign to their own brothers. Everything was ordered to perpetuate the characteristics of the structure of each. A state was given economic support in so far as it conformed to the structure. Moreover, it was given the appearance of being self-subsistent. Thus, various ideas, rational and hypothetical, were implanted that were particular to the structure. They looked on the experiences they had gained from their history-long struggles against colonialism differently to those of their brothers. A new society emerged with its own leaders, parties, press, and particular modes of action. Thus, no need remained for the colonial powers to go to war themselves to complete the process of division. This had happened of itself through a style of life they had imposed or instilled. Later on, the Islamic countries attempted to address themselves to searching for ways to establish confidence and co-operation between themselves, and such matters as setting up a common market, joint economic co-operation programmes, to reduce excise and customs dues, and adjust the application of visas. However, the removal of the divisions between them is the most direct and the safest way to achieve the above endeavours. 10

* * *

In the following declaration addressing “all the Arab lands,” King George V of Britain is requesting them to join Britain’s ranks in their war with the Turks, their brothers. He says the following in his pronouncement, or rather his delirium:

To our friends in the Arab lands. (But we have never been their friends)

You know that (no, we don’t know anything, George!) as the British people, we did not want to engage in this bitter war with Germany. But they nurtured enmity for the small states, their neighbours, and attacked them although they were guilty of nothing. However, Germany had itself guaranteed their independence through the treaties it had concluded with them and the documents it had signed.

As you know well, Germany has taken a dangerous path, plunged those around it into crisis, and using its genius, has deceived Turkey into assisting it. It has progressively augmented its power, and employing money and false friendships, is perpetrating its excesses on the widest scale. It requested the Sultan of Turkey to issue an order for jihad against us and our friends. For there are millions of Muslims under our flag, of whom thousands are members of our armies. They are fighting shoulder to shoulder with us against the Germans. And yet, the Germans want the Muslims to oppose us and not to support us.

Doubtless, all sincere Muslims whose hearts brim with the beliefs of Islam, do not want these beliefs to be taken lightly or to be made a plaything in the hands of a foreigner who picks them out as victims in order to fill his stomach.

Great Britain, France, Russia, and all Muslims, who are their friends, are spontaneously and enthusiastically sending all their young sons to us with flowers in order to fight against Turkey and the others. Among the Turks themselves, even, those with sound ideas are opposing the perilous path Turkey has taken. Perhaps after having been dragged into this war, some of you will ask what our intention was. To avoid confusion, I explain it as follows:

As the King of Great Britain and Emperor of India, among the conditions of peace and chief matters that will be drawn up on the conclusion of the war, I have accepted the condition of the Arabian Peninsula again donning the robe of freedom, and its former nobility and honour being returned. 11

I do not know, is this sufficient for you? As far as we have seen, some of the Arab shaykhs want to be delivered from the hands of the Turks. Some of them are even strengthening our armies with their swords. If there are any among you who want to join us but are fearful to say so openly, I am addressing these words to you.

You should have no doubts as far as we are concerned. Watch for the best opportunity, and be certain that the opportunity will soon be yours to discard the garment of oppression and to shake off the dust of despotism. We are ready to assist you in every way in this matter. I promise you faithfully that with God’s help and strength this Umma will very soon be saved from everything preventing its independence. 12

“George VKing of Great BritainEmperor of India”

* * *

The Ottoman Empire was their first target. Was it not a centre of the Caliphate? Was it not the seat of the Sultan whom all Muslims considered to be sacred? But no one was deceived apart from the Arabs and their treacherous reply to the above ravings. No one else gave ear to this “call,” only the ambition of the Arabs and Turks and their thirst for power and rule.

* * *

In Karachi, Mawlana Muhammad ‘Ali and his brother Shawkat ‘Ali were sent before the High Court accused of revolt and opposing the pronouncement King George had published. Muhammad ‘Ali said the following to the members of the court, among whom was not a single Muslim:

Someone who declares war on his Muslim brother is not a Muslim. No Muslim soldier or officer can assist the British Army in hostilities against the Muslim people of Turkey. If a Muslim is forced into fighting another Muslim people, it falls to him in such a situation only to reject it. What is more, in such a situation, he should try to stir all Muslims into action. A Muslim who accepts Islam as his religion and Muhammad (PBUH) as his Prophet and God’s Messenger, knows that it is not permissible according to the Shari‘a to fight Muslims and join an army which kills them unjustly.

Members of the jury! Will any good come to their own country and army of Muslims who do not assent sincerely to God and consider it permissible to oppose His commands? Their God bestowed life on them, the honour of belief, and this sovereignty.

“No, God is above sovereignty, He is above country. God is above everything. This is my belief. If you wish, hang me. Only know that by doing this you are committing suicide, for you are killing your own spirit.” 13

Without doubt, the chief of all matters is religion. The aim of everything is religion. One who does not begin his life with this, will not be able to live it in the true meaning and will not discover its true meaning. Man’s prime duty is to live for God. Some people may receive honour and bestowal while carrying out this duty, but these should be only for God. Otherwise, like a dry leaf in the wind, they will be doomed to be blown hither and thither and to fall into the mud.

* * *

Bediuzzaman’s position was identical to that of Muhammad ‘Ali’s. The following conversation took place between himself and one of the well-known Kurdish leaders, Hüseyin Pasha:

Husayn Pasha: “I want to consult you. My soldiers, horses, weapons and ammunition are all ready. We only await your command.”

Bediuzzaman: “What do you mean? Whom do you want to fight?”

Husayn Pasha: “Mustafa Kemal.”

Bediuzzaman: “And who are Mustafa Kemal’s soldiers?”

Husayn Pasha: “I don’t know... soldiers.”

Bediuzzaman: “Those soldiers are the sons of this land. They are my kith and kin and your kith and kin. Whom will you kill? And whom will they kill? Think! Use your head! Are you going to make Ahmad kill Mehmed and Hasan kill Husayn?”

Husayn Pasha: “Death is preferable to such a life.”

Bediuzzaman: “What has happened to life? If you’re fed up with life, why do you concern yourselves with the sins of all Muslims, of all the wretched people? What do you want with them?”

* * *

In 1957, the French used Senegalese soldiers against the Algerians, when they rebelled against the French. On opening the doors of the prisons where the Algerians were imprisoned, the Senegalese soldiers saw the Algerians reading the Qur’an. Astonished, their rifles fell from their hands. They ran into the prison yard shouting at the French commander: “They’re Muslims! They’re Muslims!”

It was strange, but the Senegalese did not know the Algerians were Muslims. For the French had given them the idea that they were not Muslims and were enemies of the Senegalese.

* * *

The bonds of Islam are truly very strong. For which reason the Westerners have tried to weaken these ties and divide them up so that the Muslims have no place in the world.

* * *

God Almighty says the following to Muslims on the subject of unity:

And hold fast all together, by the rope which God [stretches out for you], and be not divided among yourselves; and remember with gratitude God’s favour on you; for you were enemies and He joined your hearts in love, so that you became brethren; and you were on the brink of the pit of fire and He saved you from it. Thus does God make His signs clear to you; that you may be guided. 14

Be not like those who are divided amongst themselves and fall into disputations after receiving clear signs; for them is a dreadful penalty. 15

As for those who divide their religion and break up into sects, you have no part in them in the least; their affair is with God; He will in the end tell them the truth of all that they did. 16

So set your face steadily and truly to the Faith; [establish] God’s handiwork according to the pattern on which He has made mankind; no change [let there be] in the work [wrought] by God; that is the standard religion; but most among mankind know it not. * Turn you back in repentance to Him, and fear Him; establish regular prayers, and be not among those who join gods with God — * Those who split up their religion, and become [mere] sects, each party rejoicing in that which is with itself. 17

We can conclude the following from these verses:

Firstly: Call to the straight path; that is, adhering to God’s Shari‘a and its method. God’s Shari‘a is above all personal whims and reasons for division.

Secondly: Call to the true nature of things. The filling of the believer’s heart with belief, in a way far from the lusts and desires of the instinctual soul, which lead to division instead of unity, and dispersal instead of coming together.

Thirdly: Call to perform the obligatory five daily prayers. The prayers are the sign of the unity of the community of believers, and of the brotherhood and close ties between the individual and society, and the society and the Umma.

Fourthly: Warning against associating partners with God and beliefs and actions springing from this. For associating partners with God means a multiplicity of Gods, which in turn means a multiplicity of ideas and aims, styles and means. The more gods multiply, the more the groups and communities believing in these gods will multiply. 18

* * *

One of the most important movements which aimed to strengthen the unity of the Muslim Umma and prevent its breaking up was that of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani. The American Lawthrub Stoodward said the following about it:

“In summary, all Jamal al-Din al-Afghani’s teachings were focussed on the many obstacles placed before the East by the West. The spirit of the Crusades had not left them, indeed, it had become more firmly rooted. It persisted as bigotry, with all its elements. For this reason, they employ every means to wipe out every sort of movement which aims at reforming and arousing the Muslims...

“What the Muslims should do in this situation, in order to continue their existence, is to unite against these attacks. There is no other way of preventing the West’s advance and resisting those things which have given them superiority.”

Jamal al-Din al-Afghani said:

“I gathered together my scattered thoughts and straightened out my muddled ideas, then I looked to the East and its people. The first place I trod in those lands was Afghanistan. Then India. There, my mind received knowledge. Iran is like a neighbour and a bridge. The Arabian Peninsula: the Hijaz, where revelation came with its surety and loftiness; the Najd, Iraq and Baghdad with its Harun and Ma’mun; Damascus with its brilliant Umayyads; Andalusia with its al-Hamra Palace. That is the situation of every corner of the Islamic world, and of all its states. That is the East. I taxed my brain to the utmost to diagnose its sickness, I searched for its cure. Finally I found the cure for this fatal disease that breaks up the people of Islam, confuses their ideas, that makes them unite in conflict and conflict in unity. I used this medicine to secure their unity and awaken them to the dangerous deceptions of the West...”

* * *

Bediuzzaman Said Nursi passed all his life in exile, prisons, suffering oppression and persecution. But he never gave up his cause or hesitated. He never feared and never fell into despair. In many respects his life resembled that of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani. The aim of both was the same, even if in form they were different. After visiting Jamal al-Din al-Afghani in his house, Shakib Arslan said:

I asked about the Muslims’ situation at the present time, although their forefathers crossed the Atlantic Ocean and discovered America first. Jamal al-Din gave this reply: ‘Today’s Muslims have no aspiration; their pride is numbed; their minds are dead. They have only one thing which is awake in them: their lusts...

“The younger generations must be given a very sound religious education. This work must be undertaken by those who have vowed not to bow before anyone and not to give up in the face of any misfortunes. They should be people whose resolution can be destroyed by no threat, who are deceived by no promises of rank and position, who do not rely on trade and profit; on the contrary, who can endure every sort of difficulty and oppression...”

Is not what Bediuzzaman said and did exactly the same as what Jamal al-Din was saying here? Are the Risale-i Nur and the Nur Community not true universities for the education of a new generation? Are the Risale-i Nur and the Nur Community not exactly the ‘university’ Jamal al-Din wanted for the making of the new generation, whose aim is sincerity and being saved from backwardness and being annihilated?

In the sermon he delivered in the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Bediuzzaman said:

“The reason for our unity is Divine Unity; our oath and pledge is belief; we are united because we affirm Divine Unity. All believers are charged with upholding the Word of God, and at this time the most effective means of doing this is material progress. For the Europeans are crushing us under their tyranny with the weapons of science and industry. We shall therefore wage jihad with the weapons of science and industry on ignorance, poverty, and conflicting ideas, the worst enemies of upholding the Word of God.” 19

“It is a circle bound with a luminous chain which stretches from east to west and from south to north; those within it at this time number more than three hundred million. The point of unity of this union (ittihsa\d) and what binds it is Divine Unity. Its oath and its promise are belief in God. Its members are all believers, belonging from the time of God’s covenant with man. Its register is the Preserved Tablet. Its means of communication are all Islamic books. Its daily newspapers, all religious newspapers whose aim is ‘upholding the Word of God.’ Its clubs and councils are the mosques, religious schools, and sufi meeting-places. Its centre is the two sacred cities [Mecca and Medina]. Its head, the Glory of the World [the Prophet Muhammad].” 20

Bediuzzaman related the following anecdote:

Close to the beginning of the Second Constitutional Period (1908-1918), I joined Sultan Resad’s tour of Rumelia on behalf of the Eastern Provinces. In our carriage of the train a discussion started with two friends who taught in the new secular schools and were well-versed in science. They asked me: ‘Which is more necessary and should be stronger, religious zeal or national zeal?’ To which I replied:

With us Muslims religion and nationhood are united, although there is a theoretical, apparent and incidental difference between them. Indeed, religion is the life and spirit of the nation. When they are seen as different and separate from each other, religious zeal encompasses both the common people and upper classes, whereas national zeal is felt by one person out of a hundred, that is, a person who is ready to sacrifice his personal benefits for the nation. Since this is the case, religious zeal must be the basis with regard to the rights of all the people, while national zeal must serve it and be its fortress.

This is especially so since we people of the East are not like those of the West: our hearts are governed by the sense of religion. The fact that it was in the East that pre-eternal Divine Determining sent most of the prophets indicates that only the sense of religion will awaken the East and impel it to progress. A convincing argument for this is the era of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and those who followed after him....

“Religious zeal and Islamic nationhood have completely fused in the Turks and Arabs and may not now be separated. Islamic zeal is a luminous chain which is most strong and secure and is not born of this world. It is a support that is firm and certain, and will not fail. It is an unassailable fortress that cannot be razed.” 21

* * *

Conclusion

Recently, a new book by Chris Helsel appeared in America, called Prophethood and Politics. 22 The author speaks of preparations for a nucleer war, and says that he received an invitation from an Anglican Christian community in America, and that it believes in Jesus’ second coming and that the greater state of Israil has to be founded.

The Greater Israil which stretches as far the Tigris and the Euphrates...

In order to achieve this dream, there has to be a nucleer war that will wipe out the Islamic countries that stand in the way and the other Muslims countries that support them.

Five years ago I read the following two news items in the magazines Time and Newsweek. The first said this:

“Israil has prepared an excellent plan to set up a statue in the place of the Masjid al-Aqsa.”

The second news item was this:

“The Archbishop of Canterbury has paid allegiance to Pope John Paul II. Holding a lengthy meeting on the wars and hostility between the Catholics and Protestants, they have agreed on the question of peace.”

All the alliances and agreements between the Catholics, or between the Protestants, or between the Catholics and the Protestants, and between the Orthodox, or between all of them with the Jews, are a continuation of the murder, bloodshed, and savagery that have been continuing for two thousand years.

The first and last aim of these accords is the elimination of Islam and Muslims from the face of the earth.

NATO openly proclaimed Islam to be its enemy.

The European Union continuously hatches new plans against the Muslims.

The World Council of Churches is endeavouring to drive Islam out of Aya Sophia, and restore ‘Islambol’ as the Orthodox ‘Vatican.’

For at least fifty years, the Colorado Congress has been actively trying to Christianize Muslims. 23

The Russian Jirinowsky, who takes delight in spilling blood, may intend to occupy Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkey.

Israil is trying to erect a statue on the site of the Masjid al-Aqsa.

Missionaries declare they will not rest until the cross is set up on the minarets of Mecca and Medina.

The sole way of salvation in the face of all these enemies is unity and togetherness. And at the same time to pull the Umma out of the pit of discord and division.

“O Muslim! Ask yourself; who are you?” 24

Are you still alive?

Or have you died?

Or are you a living corpse?

What is better than a person knowing himself and being melted in the crucible of belief?

Life is otherwise merely a smoke-ring or a cry that swiftly fades on the ear of time.

* * *

The Arabs and all Muslims must unite. If they do not unite and agree... if they do not unite and agree, God will bring a people whom He loves and who love Him. They are lowly before the believers, and proud before the unbelievers. They fight on God’s way, and fear not being censured by those who rebuke them.

On that day, all believers will receive God’s succour and be victorious. This is the truth, and its coming is close!

* * *



1.al-‘Urwat al-Wuthqa, Cairo, 20.
2.A title of the Emperors of China.
3.al-‘Urwat al-Wuthqa, 68 ff.; Ahmad Amin, Zu’ama’ al-Islah.
4.The chief official of a town; in today&s language, a mayor or governor.
5.’Annan, Muhammad ‘Abdullah, Andalusiyyat, 52-3.
6.Hadir al-‘Alam al-Islami, iii, 307-8.
7.From this time, the plans were laid to occupy Asitane, that is, Istanbul, and to make Aya Sophia into a church again.
8.God’s Messenger (PBUH) says in a Hadith: “As you invite them to eat something out of their dishes, so you will invite other peoples against you.” Abu Da’ud; Dala’il al-Nubuwwa; see, Mishkat al-Masabih, ii. Mijdar means ‘scarecrow.’
9.Public Records Office, London, No: 55951371.
10.Munir Shafiq, al-Islam wa Tahdiyat al-Inhitat al-Mu’asira, Cairo, 82 ff., 85.
11.They did just the reverse; they broke it up into pieces and destroyed it; they divided the region up into tiny states the size of cities. Were they going to leave it to its own devices, especially after the discovery of petrol reserves?
12.The Arabs realized the falsity of these promises only when they had been broken up into tribes and groups and bloody wars had broken out between them. The greatest calamity, however, was the loss of Palestine and setting up of Israil.
13.Quoted from the book, Ayyuha’l-Muhallifun, 24 ff.
14.Qur’an, 3:103.
15.Qur’an, 3:105-6.
16.Qur’an, 6:159.
17.Qur’an, 30:32.
18.Shaltut, Shaykh Mahmud, al-Islam: ‘Aqidatan wa Shari’atan; wa min tawjihat al-Islam; wa’l-Islam wa Bina’u’l-Mujtama’.
19.Risale-i Nur Müellifi, Bediüzzaman Said Nursî, Tarihçe-i Hayati, Mesleki, Tercüme-i Hali, Istanbul, Sözler Yayinevi 1976, 54 / The Damascus Sermon, Sözler Publications 1996, 78.
20.Tarihçe-i Hayat, 62.
21.Tarihçe-i Hayat, 92 / The Damascus Sermon, 59-60.
22.This work has been translated into Arabic by Muhammad Samman; Jam’iyat al-Da’wat al-Islamiyya fi Libya.
23.See the work al-Tanassur for hostile plans against the Islamic world, and my work al-Zahf Ila Makka.
24.Iqbal, Muhammad, Jawid Name.


Item ID: 196
Item Name: Islamic Unity in the Light of The Damascus Sermon
Item Authors:
Abd al-Wadud Shalabi
Publish Date: 20.04.2006
Nur Web Pages Publish Date: 20.04.2006

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